Nursing Interventions for Acute Pain - BPH Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Nursing Diagnosis: Acute Pain - BPH Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Acute Pain Definition: Sensory and unpleasant emotional experience arising from actual or potential tissue damage, appear suddenly or slowly with mild to severe intensity with which the end can be anticipated or expected and lasted less than 6 months.

Related factors: Agents injury (biological, chemical, physical, psychological)

Acute pain - Limitation of Characteristics:

• Reports of verbal or non verbal pain
• The fact of the observation
• The position to avoid pain
• The movement to protect
• Cautious behavior
• Face masks
• Sleep disturbance (glazed eyes, looking tired, it is difficult or chaotic motion, grinning)
• Focused on self-
• The focus narrows (decreasing the perception of time, damage to the thought process, decreased interaction with people and the environment)
• Distraction behavior, eg roads, meet other people and / or activities, repetitive activities)
• Autonomic responses (such as diaphoresis, changes in blood pressure, changes in breathing, pulse and dilated pupils)
• Changes in muscle tone, autonomic (probably in the range from weak to stiff)
• Expressive behavior (eg, restlessness, moaning, crying, alert, iritabel, breath / sigh)
• Changes in appetite and drinking.

Goal :

1. Control Pain
Definition: a person's actions to control pain
Indicators:

• Know the factors that cause
• Know the onset / timing of pain
• Non-analgesic relief measures
• Using the analgesic
• Reported the symptoms to the health care team (doctors, nurses)
• Pain can be controlled

Description:
1 = not done
2 = rarely done
3 = sometimes done
4 = often done
5 = always done

2. Shows the level of pain
Definition: the severity of pain reported or indicated
Indicators:

• Reported pain
• Frequency of pain
• The duration of pain episodes
• The expression of pain: facial
• The position of protecting the body
• Anxiety
• Changes in respiration rate
• Changes in Heart Rate
• Changes in blood pressure
• Changes in pupil size
• Perspiration
• Loss of appetite

Description:
1: weight
2: a little heavy
3: medium
4: a little
5: no


Nursing Interventions for Acute Pain - BPH Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

1. Pain Management
Definitions: change or reduction of pain to an acceptable level of patient comfort.

Intervention:

• Assess thoroughly about pain, including: location, characteristics, time of occurrence, duration, frequency, quality, intensity / severity of pain, and trigger factors.
• Observation of non-verbal cues of discomfort, especially in the inability to communicate effectively.
• Give analgesics in accordance with the recommendation.
• Use a personal communication that the client can express therapeutic pain.
• Assess the client's cultural background.
• Determine the impact of the expression of pain on quality of life: sleep patterns, appetite, activities, mood, relationships, work, responsibility roles.
• Assess the individual's experience of pain, a family with chronic pain.
• Evaluation of the effectiveness of the actions that have been used to control pain.
• Provide support to clients and families.
• Provide information about pain, such as: the causes, how long the case, and precautions.
• Control of environmental factors that may affect the client's response to discomfort (eg, room temperature, irradiation, etc.).
• Encourage clients to monitor their own pain.
• Teach the use of non-pharmacological techniques. (Ex: relaxation, guided imagery, music therapy, distraction, application of heat and cold, massase).
• Evaluate the effectiveness of measures to control the pain.
• Modification of pain control measures based on client responses.
• Increase the sleep / rest.
• Encourage clients to discuss precisely the experience of pain.
• Tell your doctor if action is not successful or event of a complaint.
• Inform other healthcare team / family members when action nonfarmakologi done, to a preventive approach.
• Monitor the comfort of the client to pain management.

2. Provision of Analgesic
Definition: the use of pharmacological agents to reduce or eliminate pain.

Intervention:

• Determine the location of pain, characteristics, quality, and severity before treatment.
• Give the drug to the principle of "5 right".
• Check the history of drug allergy.
• Involve the client in the electoral analgesics to be used.
• Select the appropriate analgesic / analgesic combination of more than one if it has been prescribed.
• Monitor vital signs before and after administration of analgesics.
• Monitor adverse drug reactions and medication.
• Document the response of the effects of analgesic and unwanted.
• Perform actions to reduce analgesic effects (constipation / stomach irritation).

3. Environmental management: comfort
Definition: manipulate the environment for therapeutic benefit.

Intervention:

• Choose a room with the right environment.
• Limit visitors.
• Determine the things that cause discomfort such as damp clothing.
• Provide a comfortable bed and clean.
• Determine the most comfortable room temperature.
• Provide a quiet environment.
• Pay attention to hygiene to maintain patient comfort.
• Adjust the position of the patient made ​​comfortable.

Source : http://nursesnanda.blogspot.com/2012/07/nursing-interventions-for-acute-pain.html

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Example of Nursing Diagnosis - Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Nursing Care Plan for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

BPH - Example of Nursing Diagnosis


Nursing Assessment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

1. Before Operation

a. Subjective Data :

• The client told pain while urinating.
• Difficult urination.
• Increased frequency of urination.
• Frequent waking at night for micturition.
• The desire to urinate can not be postponed.
• Pain or feel hot at the time of micturition.
• Jets of urine fell.
• Not satisfied after micturition, the bladder does not empty properly.
• If you want to have to wait long micturition.
• The amount of urine decreased and should straining during urination.
• The flow of urine is not smooth / disjointed.
• Urine continue dripping after urination.
• Feeling tired, no appetite, nausea and vomiting.
• The client was concerned with the treatment to be performed.

b. Objective Data

• Facial expressions seem to hold the pain.
• Posted catheter.

2. After Surgery

a. Subjective Data

• The client told pain in postoperative wound
• The client says do not know about diet and medication after operation

b. Objective Data

• Expression of pain appears to hold
• There is a closed postoperative wound dressing
• Looks Weak
• Installed irrigation hoses, catheters, infusion

Medical History

Past medical history, history of present illness, family history of disease, BPH impact on patient's lifestyle, whether the patient experienced urinary problems.


Physical Assessment

1) Disturbances in urination, such as:

• Frequent urination
• Waking at night to urinate
• Feeling like a very urgent micturition
• Pain during micturition, weak urinary jet
• Not satisfied after micturition
• The amount of urine decreased and should straining during urination
• The flow of urine is not smooth / broken, urine continues to drip after urination.
• Pain when urinating
• There was blood in the urine
• The bladder feels full
• Pain in the waist, back, stomach discomfort.
• Urine is retained in the bladder, bladder distention occurs

2) Common symptoms such as fatigue, no appetite, nausea, vomiting, and epigastric discomfort
3) Assess the status of emotions: anxiety, fear
4) Examine the urine: the number, color, clarity, odor
5) Assess vital signs

Diagnostic examination

• Radiographic Examination
• Urinalysis
• Lab such as blood chemistry, complete blood, urine

Assess the level of understanding and knowledge of the client and family about the situation and the disease process, treatment and care on the way home.

Nursing Diagnosis for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

a. BPH - Pre Surgery :

1. Acute Pain
2. Anxiety
3. Imbalanced Nutrition Less Than Body Requirements
4. Impaired Urinary Elimination

b. BPH - Post Surgery :

1. Acute pain
2. Risk for Infection
3. Knowledge Deficit: about the disease, diit, and treatment
4. Self care deficit

Source : http://nursesnanda.blogspot.com/2012/07/example-of-nursing-diagnosis-benign.html

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Rheumatic Heart Disease

Rheumatic Heart Disease is a disease where it can damage the heart valves, such as leaks or strictures, particularly mitral valve (mitral stenosis) caused by rheumatic fever. This disease is very dangerous because it caused the valves of the heart valve in the course of the disease process that begins with a throat injury.

Symptoms of Rheumatic Heart Disease :

• Joint inflammation : including swelling, tenderness, and redness over multiple joints. The joints affected are usually the larger joints in the knees or ankles. The inflammation "moves" from one joint to another over several days.
• Small nodules or hard, round bumps under the skin.
• A change in your child's neuromuscular movements (this is usually noted by a change in your child's handwriting and may also include jerky movements).
• Rash (a pink rash with odd edges that is usually seen on the trunk of the body or arms and legs).
• Fever.
• Weight loss.
• Fatigue.
• Stomach pains.

The symptoms may resemble other conditions or medical problems. Always consult your child's physician for a diagnosis.

Diagnosis of Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD)

Besides the presence of signs and symptoms that appear directly on the physical, the doctor will usually perform some lab tests that indicate, for example, routine blood tests, Asto, CRP and throat culture. The most accurate survey is echocardiography do to see the status of valves and heart muscle

Treatment of RHD

The best treatment for rheumatic heart disease is prevention. Antibiotics can usually treat strep throat (a Streptococcus bacterial infection) and stop acute from developing. Antibiotic therapy has sharply reduced the incidence and mortality rate of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease.

Prevention of Rheumatic Heart Disease

There is no guaranteed way to prevent such problems, but still, you can do plenty of things to substantially reduce the chance of such bacterial infection and the subsequent rheumatic complications. For example, Personal hygiene can play a very important role in this regard. The basic idea is to eliminate the chance of getting affected with a strep throat. Besides that, if strep throat still occurs, you must seek immediate medical help from experts. Any delay in treatment can be very dangerous for your heart health.

Complications Rheumatic Heart Disease

The list of complications that have been mentioned in various sources for Rheumatic heart disease includes:

• Endocarditic is inflammation of the inner lining of the heart.
• Bacterial endocarditic is the infection and inflammation of the inner layers of the heart, most commonly the valves cause by bacteria.
• Heart failure a syndrome classified by myocardial malfunction, heart failure can lead to deficient pump performance reduced cardiac output and to frank heart failure and abnormal circulatory congestion. Congestion of systemic venous flow may end up in tangential edema and hepatomegaly; congestion of pulmonary circulation may cause pulmonary edema, an acute, life-threatening emergency.

Nursing Diagnosis for Rheumatic Heart Disease

1. Risk for Decreased Cardiac Output

2. Hyperthermia

3. Imbalanced Nutrition, Less Than Body Requirements

4. Acute Pain

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Nursing Diagnosis for Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis is a common eye disease that may be caused by excessive eye strain or infections due virus or bacteria. Conjunctivitis or pink eye is one of those conditions that effect children, adults and animals. It can be highly contagious and some people, particularly children, seem to suffer repeat bouts of it.

Conjunctivitis is a highly contagious disease and it is treatable. The human body itself takes measures to cure the pink eyes. Since the soreness causes pain, many home treatments are suggested and they also found to be very effective.

Types of Conjunctivitis

Allergic conjunctivitis

Allergic conjunctivitis is often caused by dust mites, pollen and cosmetics and is common in people who have hay fever, asthma and eczema. It can cause mild to severe itching and often makes the eyes red and sore. If it's seasonal conjunctivitis it may just last a few weeks, however, allergic conjunctivitis may be consistent if you live around animals or are allergic to house dust. Speak to your doctor or pharmacist if you're worried about this condition and take antihistamines as prescribed.

Viral conjunctivitis

Viral conjunctivitis usually occurs after a cold or a sore throat and it is highly contagious.

It causes a watery discharge to leak from the eye and can spread easily from one eye to the other. It can turn the eye pink and might can also cause itching if it becomes particularly nasty. Viral conjunctivitis usually clears up by itself; however, ocular lubricants and painkillers can ease the symptoms. If you've got this disease it's essential that you always wash your hands thoroughly and to remove discharge using a clean cotton bud.

Bacterial conjunctivitis

Bacterial conjunctivitis is caused by bacteria such as staphylococci, streptococci or haemophilus and is a particularly nasty form of the condition. It causes the eyes to feel gritty, inflamed and sore and a yellow, sticky discharge may form sticking the eyes together overnight. Bacterial conjunctivitis usually lasts a week, but antibiotic drugs can help. Like viral conjunctivitis, it's highly contagious, so always maintain a high level of hygiene if you're infected and visit your optometrist if you have any concerns.

Symptoms of Conjunctivitis

The pink eye effect is one of the first signs of conjunctivitis. The sufferer may complain of dry or itchy eyes and, particularly children, will tend to rub them a lot. There can also be a discharge from the eye - this can range from a clear watery look to yellow or green. The color is often an indication of what type of conjunctivitis the person is suffering from. In severe cases, the eyes may be glued shut on waking. This is caused by the discharge weeping out from between the eyelids during sleep, then drying on the eyelashes, effectively gluing them together.


Nursing Diagnosis for Conjunctivitis

1. Acute Pain

related to inflammation of the conjunctiva

characterized by:
Clients say the discomfort (pain) is felt
The face looks the pain (pain expression).

2. Anxiety

related to lack of knowledge about the disease process

characterized by:
Clients say about anxiety.
Clients look anxious and nervous.

3. Self-concept disturbance

related to a change in the eyelid (swelling / edema).

4. Risk for injury

related to the limits of vision.

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