Risk for Infection Anemia Nursing Diagnosis and Interventions

Nursing Diagnosis for Anemia: Risk for Infection related to Inadequate secondary defenses.

Objectives: Infection does not occur.

Expected outcomes are:

• Identify the behaviors to prevent / reduce the risk of infection.
• Improve wound healing, free of purulent drainage or erythema, and fever.

Nursing Interventions for Anemia Risk for Infection

Independent

1. Increase good hand washing; by care givers and patients.
Rationale: to prevent cross contamination / bacterial colonization. Note: patients with severe anemia / aplastic can be risky due to the normal flora of the skin.

2. Maintain strict aseptic techniques in the procedure / treatment of wounds.
Rational: reduce the risk of colonization / infection of bacteria.

3. Give skin care, peri-anal and oral carefully.
Rational: reduce the risk of damage to the skin / tissue and infection.

4. Motivation changes in position / ambulation that often, coughing and deep breathing exercises.
Rational: improving the ventilation of all lung segments and help mobilize secretions to prevent pneumonia.

5. Increase enter adequate fluids.
Rational: to assist in breathing secret dilution to facilitate spending and prevent stasis of body fluids such as respiratory and renal

6. Monitor / limit visitors. Provide isolation if possible.
Rational: limiting exposure to bacteria / infections. Protection of insulation required in aplastic anemia, when the immune response is impaired.

7. Monitor body temperature. Note the presence of chills and tachycardia with or without fever.
Rational: the process of inflammation / infection requires evaluation / treatment.

8. Observe erythema / wound fluid.
Rational: indicators of local infection. Note: the formation of pus may not exist when granulocytes depressed.

Collaboration

1. Take a specimen for culture / sensitivity as indicated.
Rational: to distinguish the presence of infection, identifying the specific pathogen and affects treatment options.

2. Give topical antiseptic; systemic antibiotics.
Rational: may be used for prophylactic treatment to reduce colonization or local infection process.

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Anemia

NANDA Anemia

Nursing Diagnosis for Anemia
Anemia is a condition in which the number of red blood cells or their oxygen-carrying capacity is insufficient to meet physiologic needs, which vary by age, sex, altitude, smoking, and pregnancy status.

There are several types and classifications of anaemia. This is a condition in which the body lacks the amount of red blood cells to keep up with the body's demand for oxygen.

Causes of Anemia

Except for the acute form, anemia is a result of systemic toxemia and acidosis-a condition of poisons, toxins and accumulated waste products floating in the blood - and lymph-streams, and of enervation or lowered nerve-tone. There is either an accumulation of these injurious substances due to failure of eliminative organs to handle a normal amount of such products, or they are produced in such considerable quantities that even normal organs, eliminating a normal amount or more than a normal amount of eliminations can not remove them rapidly enough. They have the effect of poisoning the organs that make the blood cells, which produce a deficient amount of blood cells or altered blood cells.

The signs and symptoms of this disease are:
1. Paleness
2. Headache
3. Irritability
Symptoms of more severe iron deficiency anaemia include:
1. Dyspnea
2. Rapid heartbeat
3. Brittle hair and nails

Treatment of Anemia
Treatment should be directed at the cause of the anemia. In some cases, blood transfusions and the medication erythropoietin will correct anemia. For example, treatment for sickle cell anemia is different than treatment for a diet low in iron or folic acid. Talk to your HCP about the best treatment for the cause of your anemia. Other Treatment Injectable EPO (e.g., PROCRIT®, EPOGEN®) is an alternative to blood transfusion to treat critically ill patients with anemia. Exogenous EPO is identical to the natural hormone in its role of stimulating the bone marrow to produce red blood cells. EPO has been used safely in many clinical settings, including chronic renal failure, oncology, and surgery. In the ICU, use of EPO has been shown to reduce the amount of blood transfused by almost 50%, at the same time significantly increasing hemoglobin levels.

Nursing Diagnosis for Anemia

1. Activity Intolerance
2. Impaired oral mucous membrane
3. Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than Body Requirements
4. Constipation/Diarrhea
5. Risk for Infection
6. Risk for deficient fluid volume
7. Deficient Knowledge regarding condition, prognosis, treatment, self-care, prevention of crisis, and discharge needs,
8. Fatigue
9. Fear
10. Ineffective coping
11. Ineffective thermoregulation.

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